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Genetická diverzita zástupců rodu Euphorbia L.
Mityagina, Maria
We now have a rare opportunity to understand the history of species evolution and their connections to one another on the globe thanks to phylogenetics. Modern methods of taxon classification rely less on external morphology and more on molecular-biological investigations. This approach enables us to determine the geographic origins of organisms, track their expansion, and monitor changes in their genetic information. These factors are crucial for understanding the diversification of species. In this study, we applied evolutionary genetics to the family Euphorbiaceae. Then we chose three representatives of genus Euphorbia L. and with the help of PCR analysis with primers for nuclear and chloroplast DNA regions, the kinship of these species was established (Euphorbia ramipressa (K265), Euphorbia inarticulata (K266), Euphorbia tortirama (K267)).
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Polyploid speciation of the genus Anthoxanthum in Europe
Khodlová, Zuzana ; Trávníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Štech, Milan (referee)
Eight of fifteen species in genus Anthoxanthum (Poaceae) can be found in Europe. Five of them are perennials forming A. odoratum complex, the remaining three are annual, more or less mediterranean taxa (A. aristatum, A. ovatum and A. gracile). Within the A. odoratum s. l. complex the following taxa are distinguished: widely spread A. odoratum s. str. (4x; 2n = 20), arcto-alpine A. alpinum (2x a 4x; 2n = 10 and 20), Madeiran endemic species A. maderense (2x; 2n = 10), endemic species of Balkan mountains A. pauciflorum (2x; 2n = 10) and the Iberian peninsula endemic A. amarum (?x; 2n ~ 90). The aim of this thesis is to clearify the unknown evolutionary relationships between the taxa, between the annuals and perennials, diploids and polyploids. The following questions should be answered in this study: 1) What is the origin and distribution of the rediscovered diploid perennial taxon and what is its relationship to the other members of the group; 2) What is the distribution pattern of the perennial taxa of the genus Anthoxanthum in Europe and what is their haplotype differenciation (overall distribution of the taxa and haplotypes and the existence of their sympatric occurence); 3) What evolutionary ties exist among the species and what is the origin of allotetraploid taxon A. odoratum s.str. The...
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